What was the significance of the Second Round Table Conference held in 1931?

The Second Round Table Conference, held in London in September 1931, was significant for three reasons: (1) It was the ONLY one of the three conferences the CONGRESS attended. Under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji went as its SOLE REPRESENTATIVE — the first time the Congress negotiated as the recognised voice of India. (2) It FAILED. The British refused the Congress demand for immediate Dominion Status, and the discussion was diverted to the question of separate electorates for minorities, which Gandhiji resisted as a device to divide the nation. He returned empty-handed. (3) Its failure led directly to the RESUMPTION of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932 and to the Communal Award of 1932, which granted separate electorates to the Depressed Classes — provoking Gandhiji’s fast unto death and the Poona Pact.

Three marks, and the word "significance" means the examiner wants WHY IT MATTERED, not a description of who attended. Structure it as: what was special about it (Congress attended, Gandhiji as sole representative), what happened (it failed and why), and what followed (Civil Disobedience resumed, the Communal Award). The chain to the Poona Pact of 1932 is worth adding — it shows you can follow consequences rather than list events.