Mahatma Gandhi with his principle of Non-violence changed the direction of the freedom movement. With reference to the Gandhian Movements, answer the following:
Mention two other causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Topic: Causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement
Answer
(1) The Rowlatt Act of 1919, which allowed arrest without warrant and trial without appeal, and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of 13 April 1919, followed by the Hunter Commission’s failure to punish General Dyer. (2) The disappointment of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919, which fell far short of the self-government Indians had expected in return for their sacrifices in the First World War, together with the economic hardship of rising prices and heavy taxation after the war.
One mark each. The word "other" in the question matters — the Khilafat issue has already been dealt with in part (a), so do not repeat it. Jallianwala Bagh is the strongest single cause and should appear in your answer with its date. Adding that the Hunter Commission exonerated Dyer explains WHY the massacre led to a movement rather than merely to protest.