State any two causes that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

(1) The SIMON COMMISSION of 1927, which had seven British members and not one Indian. It was met everywhere with black flags and the cry "Simon Go Back", and at Lahore Lala Lajpat Rai was fatally injured in a lathi charge. (2) The rejection of the NEHRU REPORT and of the Congress demand for Dominion Status within a year, which led the Lahore session of December 1929 to declare PURNA SWARAJ as the goal — and a mass movement was needed to achieve it. The failure of the First Round Table Conference, which the Congress boycotted, added to the discontent.

One mark each. Keep these causes clearly apart from those of Non-Cooperation (1920) and Quit India (1942) — mixing them is the commonest error in this chapter. The anchors for 1930 are the SIMON COMMISSION and PURNA SWARAJ. The anchors for 1920 are the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh; for 1942, the Cripps Mission and the Japanese threat. "Simon Go Back" is worth quoting.