Explain the impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement in India's freedom struggle.

(1) It transformed the freedom struggle into a MASS MOVEMENT for the first time. Peasants, workers, students, traders and women joined in, and the Congress ceased to be a body of educated professionals alone. (2) It demonstrated HINDU-MUSLIM UNITY on an unprecedented scale, since the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation causes were fought together. (3) It struck at BRITISH PRESTIGE AND REVENUE — titles were surrendered, schools, colleges and law courts boycotted, foreign cloth publicly burnt and the sale of liquor sharply reduced — and it proved that non-violent resistance could shake the Empire. (4) It gave a great impetus to SWADESHI, KHADI AND NATIONAL EDUCATION, with institutions such as the Kashi Vidyapith and Jamia Millia Islamia founded, and it established GANDHIJI as the unquestioned leader of the national movement.

Four marks, so give four distinct impacts — the question asks for effects, not a narrative of the movement. The most important, and the one to give first, is that it made the struggle a MASS movement; that is the historical significance of 1920-22. One honest limitation adds balance if you have room: Swaraj was not won, the movement was called off after Chauri Chaura in February 1922, and the Hindu-Muslim unity did not outlast the Khilafat cause.