Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks (i) to (v) with appropriate words:
The amount of urine output is under the regulation of a hormone called (i) __________ secreted by the (ii) __________ lobe of the pituitary gland. If this hormone secretion is reduced, there is an increased production of urine. This disorder is called (iii) __________. Sometimes excess glucose is passed with urine due to hyposecretion of another hormone called (iv) __________ leading to the cause of a disease called (v) __________.
Topic: ADH, insulin and the two diabetes
Answer
(i) ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (vasopressin) (ii) POSTERIOR (iii) DIABETES INSIPIDUS (iv) INSULIN (v) DIABETES MELLITUS
One mark per blank. The paragraph walks through BOTH diabetes in turn, which is exactly why it is set — they share a name and nothing else.
THE FIRST HALF: ADH (vasopressin), from the POSTERIOR pituitary, makes the kidney tubules reabsorb water back into the blood. If it is deficient that reabsorption fails, water is lost in the urine, and the person passes enormous volumes of very DILUTE urine — DIABETES INSIPIDUS.
THE SECOND HALF: INSULIN, from the pancreas, lowers blood glucose. If it is deficient the blood sugar rises so high that the tubules cannot reabsorb it all, and the excess spills into the urine — DIABETES MELLITUS.
THE SECOND WORDS TELL THEM APART: MELLITUS means honey-sweet (sugar in the urine); INSIPIDUS means tasteless (no sugar). Physicians once diagnosed them exactly that way.
For blank (ii), remember the shortcut: the POSTERIOR pituitary releases only TWO hormones, ADH and oxytocin.