When a judicial system is correctly calibrated, the law is applied by judges fearlessly, without favour or fear and with respect. That is why judicial security of tenure is so fundamental. It is also why judges must be properly paid without any interference from the Executive or Legislature. — (The Need for Independent Judiciary) UNODC
From the passage, deduce and mention any two ways in which the Constitution ensures the independence of the Judiciary.
Topic: Independence of the Judiciary
Answer
(1) Security of tenure — a judge holds office until the age of retirement and can be removed only by impeachment, on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity, through a difficult process requiring a special majority in both Houses. (2) Salaries and allowances are fixed and charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, so they are not subject to the vote of Parliament and cannot be reduced to a judge’s disadvantage during his term (except during a Financial Emergency).
This is a source-based question, so the two points must be DEDUCED from the passage — which names exactly two safeguards, security of tenure and protected salaries. Answering with unrelated safeguards, however true, misses what is being tested. The technique for such questions: underline the phrases in the passage ("security of tenure", "properly paid without any interference"), then expand each into the constitutional provision behind it.