Explain briefly the territorial rearrangements as a result of World War I.

(1) THE OLD EMPIRES BROKE UP. Austria-Hungary was dismembered and Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia emerged; the Ottoman Empire lost its Arab provinces and shrank to Turkey; and Poland was reborn as an independent state, with the Polish Corridor giving her access to the sea. (2) GERMANY LOST TERRITORY — Alsace and Lorraine returned to France, the Polish Corridor and Danzig went to Poland, Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium, and about one-eighth of her territory in all; the Saar coal mines were given to France for fifteen years and the Rhineland was demilitarised. (3) THE COLONIES CHANGED HANDS. Germany lost all her colonies and Turkey her Arab lands; these were distributed among the victors as MANDATES under the supervision of the League of Nations — in effect colonies under a new name.

One mark per point. The neatest structure is by category — new states from the fallen empires, German losses in Europe, and the redistribution of colonies as mandates. Note the principle at work and its failure: Wilson had promised SELF-DETERMINATION, and the new states of central Europe were created on that basis — yet millions of Germans were left under Polish and Czech rule, which Hitler later used as his justification for expansion. The word MANDATE is worth explaining, since it disguised what was in effect colonial rule.