With reference to the Supreme Court of India, explain the following:
Any three types of cases in which the Supreme Court exercises its Original Jurisdiction.
Topic: Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Answer
Original Jurisdiction is the power to hear a case DIRECTLY, in the first instance. Three types: (1) Disputes between the GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND ONE OR MORE STATES. (2) Disputes between the Government of India and one or more States on one side and one or more other States on the other. (3) Disputes BETWEEN TWO OR MORE STATES; and cases relating to the ENFORCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, in which the Court may issue writs under Article 32.
One mark per type. Opening with a one-line definition frames the answer at no cost. Notice the pattern in the first three: all are disputes between GOVERNMENTS, which is the essence of the Supreme Court’s role as a FEDERAL court — no other court in India may hear them. The Fundamental Rights head is the fourth and brings in the five writs, so it is worth including as your third point.