Give any two similarities between the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism.

(1) Both rejected DEMOCRACY and believed in a ONE-PARTY STATE under a single all-powerful leader whose word was law — Hitler as Der Führer and Mussolini as Il Duce — suppressing all opposition parties, free speech and a free press. (2) Both preached EXTREME NATIONALISM and glorified war and military strength as the path to national greatness, holding that the state is supreme and the individual exists for it; and both were bitterly opposed to communism and pursued aggressive imperialist expansion.

One mark each, and the word SIMILARITIES governs the answer. Do NOT offer racism or anti-Semitism: those were distinctively NAZI and formed no part of Italian Fascism. Offering them as a similarity is exactly the trap this question sets, and it recurs in several years of this paper. The safest pair is one-party dictatorship under a supreme leader, and aggressive nationalism with the glorification of war.