The diagram given below represents an organ system in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: The diagram given below represents an organ system in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
Draw a neat, labelled diagram showing the longitudinal section of part 1.
Topic: Longitudinal section of the kidney
Answer
Draw a bean-shaped kidney cut lengthwise, showing: • RENAL CAPSULE — the outer covering • CORTEX — the OUTER granular region • MEDULLA — the INNER region containing the cone-shaped MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS • RENAL COLUMNS between the pyramids • CALYX and RENAL PELVIS — the funnel-shaped cavity collecting urine • RENAL ARTERY and RENAL VEIN entering and leaving at the hilum • URETER leaving from the concave side
Labels required: renal capsule, cortex, medulla, medullary pyramid, renal pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter.
GET THE TWO REGIONS THE RIGHT WAY ROUND — this is the pair most often swapped: CORTEX = OUTER, granular, holding the MALPIGHIAN CAPSULES MEDULLA = INNER, striped, holding the LOOPS OF HENLE and collecting ducts
Fix it by logic rather than memory: FILTRATION must happen where the blood arrives, at the outside; CONCENTRATION happens as the filtrate travels inwards.
That also explains their appearance: rounded capsules cut in section look DOTTED, straight parallel loops look STRIPED.
Draw the kidney BEAN-SHAPED, with vessels and ureter entering at the CONCAVE side.