Hypotonic solution and Hypertonic solution (condition of a plant cell when placed in them)

In a HYPOTONIC solution the cell GAINS water by endosmosis and becomes TURGID (turgidity).

In a HYPERTONIC solution the cell LOSES water by exosmosis and becomes FLACCID and PLASMOLYSED (plasmolysis).

The brackets ask for the CONDITION OF THE CELL, so the words TURGID and PLASMOLYSED must appear — they are the answer.

THE RULE: water always moves from the more DILUTE solution to the more CONCENTRATED one. HYPOTONIC outside (dilute) — water moves IN — the cell swells and becomes TURGID HYPERTONIC outside (concentrated) — water moves OUT — the protoplasm shrinks from the wall and the cell is PLASMOLYSED

The prefixes help: HYPER- means more, HYPO- means less, ISO- means equal (in which case there is no net movement at all).

THE PRACTICAL LINK: this is exactly why excess FERTILISER makes a plant wilt — the soil solution becomes hypertonic and draws water out of the root hairs.