Given below is the diagram of a turgid plant cell. Copy the diagram and label Vacuole and Plasma membrane.

In your copied diagram: • VACUOLE — the large central space filled with cell sap, occupying most of the cell and pushing the cytoplasm outwards. • PLASMA MEMBRANE — the thin membrane lying immediately INSIDE the cell wall, pressed firmly against it because the cell is turgid.

THE DETAIL THAT IDENTIFIES A TURGID CELL: the plasma membrane is pressed TIGHT AGAINST the cell wall, with no gap between them. That is what "turgid" means — the cell is full of water and the contents are pushing outwards.

Contrast this with a PLASMOLYSED cell (Question 4(iv) of this paper), where the membrane has SHRUNK AWAY from the wall and a gap is visible between the two. If you can draw or recognise that gap, you can tell the two diagrams apart instantly.

THE LABELLING TRAP: do not confuse the PLASMA MEMBRANE with the CELL WALL. The cell wall is the thick, rigid outermost layer made of cellulose; the plasma membrane is the thin living layer just inside it. In a turgid cell they lie against each other, so label them with care and draw the leader lines to clearly different points.