Biological termModerate0.5 marks
4(b)
Give appropriate biological or technical terms for the following:
Process of maintaining water and salt balance in the blood.
Topic: Osmoregulation
Previous-year question practice database
Answer
Exam answer
OSMOREGULATION (osmotic regulation).
Explanation
Osmoregulation is carried out chiefly by the KIDNEYS, which adjust how much water and salt is reabsorbed from the filtrate and how much is excreted.
The hormone controlling it is ADH (vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary: when the body is short of water, ADH rises, more water is reabsorbed, and the urine becomes scanty and concentrated.
So the kidney has TWO jobs — EXCRETION (removing urea) and OSMOREGULATION (keeping the water and salt balance steady). Questions often ask for the second, which students forget.
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