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ICSE Question Bank
2023Q2(iii)Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism and Foundation of the Indian National Congress
Short answerModerate2 marks

Mention any two repressive policies of Lord Lytton.

Topic: Repressive policies of Lord Lytton

Previous-year question practice database

Answer

Exam answer

(1) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878, which imposed severe restrictions on newspapers published in Indian languages while leaving the English press free — an openly discriminatory measure aimed at silencing criticism. (2) The Arms Act of 1878, forbidding Indians to keep arms without a licence while exempting Europeans; and the lowering of the maximum age for the Indian Civil Service examination from 21 to 19 years, which made it far harder for Indians to enter the service.

Explanation

One mark each. The two Acts of 1878 are the essential pair, and the reason each was resented must be stated: both discriminated openly between Indians and Europeans. The lavish Delhi Durbar of 1877, held while a famine raged in South India, is a strong alternative and shows the insensitivity that turned even moderate opinion against the Raj. Lytton was Viceroy from 1876 to 1880.

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