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2017Q2(a)Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism and Foundation of the Indian National Congress
Short answerModerate2 marks
2

Answer briefly each of the questions (a) to (j):

Mention any two Repressive Colonial policies of Lord Lytton.

Topic: Repressive policies of Lord Lytton

Previous-year question practice database

Answer

Exam answer

(1) The VERNACULAR PRESS ACT of 1878, which imposed severe restrictions on newspapers published in Indian languages while leaving the English press untouched — an openly discriminatory measure to silence criticism. (2) The ARMS ACT of 1878, forbidding Indians to keep arms without a licence while exempting Europeans. (Also acceptable: lowering the maximum age for the Indian Civil Service examination from 21 to 19 years; the lavish Imperial Durbar at Delhi in 1877 held while a famine raged in South India; and the removal of import duties on British textiles, which ruined Indian weavers.)

Explanation

One mark each. The two Acts of 1878 are the essential pair, and the reason each was resented must be stated: both discriminated openly between Indians and Europeans. The Durbar-during-famine point is the one that shows real understanding, since it captures the insensitivity that turned even moderate opinion against the Raj. Lytton was Viceroy from 1876 to 1880.

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