Write any two objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

1. To eliminate OPEN DEFECATION by building household and community toilets, and so improve sanitation and public health.
2. To achieve scientific SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT — segregation at source, recycling, composting and safe disposal — and to create public awareness about cleanliness.

Two objectives, one mark each, and they should differ in kind — one about sanitation, one about waste.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched on 2 October 2014, Mahatma Gandhi’s birth anniversary.

WHY OPEN DEFECATION IS A BIOLOGY QUESTION and not merely a civics one: it contaminates soil and water with pathogens, spreading cholera, typhoid, dysentery and worm infestations, and it is a major cause of infant mortality.