What are the types of casting shown by the following examples? (i) char c = (char)120; (ii) int x = 't';

(i) Explicit type casting (ii) Implicit type casting

(i) The type written in brackets, (char), forces the conversion. The programmer does it deliberately, so it is explicit casting. It is needed here because an int holds more than a char, and Java will not narrow a value silently. The result is the character with code 120, which is 'x'. (ii) A char occupies 2 bytes and an int 4, so the value widens safely and Java performs the conversion by itself — implicit casting, also called coercion. x becomes 116, the code for 't'. The rule: widening is implicit, narrowing must be explicit.