Name the organism which was used as an example to explain Industrial Melanism.

The PEPPERED MOTH, Biston betularia.

Industrial melanism is the classic demonstration of natural selection in action, and it is worth knowing as a story rather than a name.

Before industrialisation the tree trunks of England were pale with lichen. The light-coloured peppered moths were camouflaged against them and the rare dark (melanic) forms were easily seen and eaten by birds.

After industrialisation, soot killed the lichen and blackened the trunks. Now the DARK moths were camouflaged and the light ones stood out. Within a few decades the dark form became the common one in industrial areas.

THE POINT: the moths did not change to suit the environment. Both forms already existed, and the environment changed WHICH ONE SURVIVED to breed. That is precisely what natural selection means, and it is why examiners use this example.